A Review Of Ang Lees Film

‘Compare the film form of ‘Brokeback Mountain ‘ with Proulx ‘s account, elucidating how much you feel Ang Lee ‘s film speaks to its subjects and musings. This paper will take to think about the film variant of ‘Brokeback Mountain ‘ with Annie Proulx ‘s short story. It will elucidate, talk each piece great as measure the manners by which Ang Lee spoke to cardinal subjects and considerations all through the film. Numerous subjects and musings were managed in the film, some of which will be taken a gander at, for example, connections, love, want and the Gothic. Ang Lee had the option to show Jack and Ennis ‘s maleness through their physical qualities, the occupations that they embraced, each piece great as through their vesture, all through the film. The two work powers apparently was dealing with the land, making exhausting physical work and assumed out the manly jobs in the public arena. In both the film and the short account Jack and Ennis ‘ relationship with nature was manly in the way that they spent an extraordinary exchange of clasp in the detached wide open at work. Their relationship with the land reinforced through the word image of their adoration contriving on Brokeback Mountain which indicated their profound association and affirmation with their milieus. Despite the fact that the work powers were depicted as manly figures all through both the film and the account, there was other than an extremely remarkable removal in the sexual orientation capacities, as Jack and Ennis both shifted back and forth between the conv entional elements of male and A ; female. ‘Central to Proulx ‘s thought is non just the emotion of individuals molded by topographical restrictions, limits and possibilities, yet adjacent to that the cultural universes created uncover individual portrayals of fight which much of the time question decided cultural capacities. ‘ [ 1 ] It could be contended that the short account was altogether about the adoration for two work powers for one another and how this affected on the lives they were relied upon to take. Anyway the film concentrated more on their place life and local capacities, for example, Ennis fail to gracefully and think about his children. The short story just quickly referenced Ennis ‘ family unit life. In the film, there was incredible understanding into the work powers ‘s wedded life while in the book there is non much highlight on this. This would hold helped the observer to delve all the more significantly into their own lives and henc eforth have a superior dread of them. The grown-up females in the film variant of Brokeback Mountain were increasingly seeable, alluded to more and had an essentially dynamic capacity in the story comparable to Jack and Ennis. The onlooker had the option to see life from the grown-up females ‘s purposes of position and into the afflictions of their lives. Though in the short story they were essentially depicted as obstacles that halted Jack and Ennis from indicting their sentimental relationship. It could be contended that Ang Lee did non want grown-up females to just be on the outskirt in this film, he likely needed to pass on the grown-up females to the frontal area of the account since regular connections are between work powers and grown-up females, not at all like Proulx whose adaptation was all the more firmly engaged around the connection among Jack and Ennis. In the two forms the grown-up females were frail to affect what was going on, especially after they at last found that Jack and Ennis were more than o nly companions. There was nil that they could make, as they couldn't strongly follow up on the situation in support of themselves, . ‘ †¦ and the entryway hole and Alma paying special mind to a couple of moments at Ennis ‘s stressing shoulders†¦ .She had seen what she had seen. ‘ [ 2 ] In add-on, this account was set at a clasp when grown-up females apparently was increasingly prevailing in the private residential space, accordingly they were by all accounts naA?ve of about the flights on in the outside universe and conceivably did non hold an uproarious sufficient voice to rise up to work powers. One of the main subjects in Ang Lee ‘s film form of ‘Brokeback Mountain ‘ was the additional element of nature and the milieus of the West wherein the film was set. Proulx ‘ notices to the scene to put the scenes were extremely spellbinding all through the story. ‘The mountain overflowed with malicious vitality, coated with faltering broken-cloud obvious radiation ; the air current brushed the grass and Drew from the harmed krummholz and cut stone a brutal automaton. ‘ [ 3 ] The bewildering stunning shootings of the scene in Ang Lee ‘s film, gave another measurement to the film as the shootings of nature turned out to be just every piece a lot of a bit of the film as the account line. â€Å" The excellence of the shootings about all of import as duologue † [ 4 ] The effect that nature had on individuals who previously felt comfortable in the loosened state were given more profundity and essentialness. Spending cut together on Brokeback Mountain resembled a retreat or a sheltered desert garden from society in which Jack and Ennis would hold been judged in view of the idea of their relationship. While on Brokeback Mountain the complement on nature implied that they felt free and settled off from society and had the option to act naturally without the danger of being disparaged or judged. The picture of the dead sheep on the mountain, in the film, went about as an analogy for the idea that despite the fact that the work powers had a sense of security and free on the mountain they were as yet helpless according to society. The main subjects that went through the film were that of affection, connections and want. There were incredible likenesses in the short account and the film in the manners by which the characters identified with one another, their feeling and concern. The way that Jack was so mindful towards Ennis, was communicated completely through the two mediums. The way their relationship was depicted was so difficult as they could ne'er be together was appeared in changed manners in both the short account and the film. † They need to privatize their sentiments † [ 5 ] . The first duologue from the account added another measurement to Ang Lee ‘s film. As a cluster of the clasp the characters murmured or talked in a peaceful mode, it gives the inclination that what they were expressing was non to be imparted to other people. The scene in the film where Ennis got insane after Jack ‘s going from Brokeback Mountain, was extremely considerably more dear and passionate than in the short account, ‘within a detail mi Ennis felt like individual was drawing his spines out†¦ ‘ [ 6 ] . The feeling was non felt while perusing the book, it was better passed on in the film. The ground for this may hold been as a result of the melodic soundtrack and the plugging point up camera shootings which indicated Ennis as entirely exhausted. This was clear other than close to the terminal of the film by the lines, â€Å" ‘I wish I realized how to stop you ‘ † [ 7 ] , which were spoken, the tone and volume of which this short line was spoken shown the stinging that Ennis and Jack were processing by being separated. In add-on, in the finishing up scene at Jack ‘s house with the two shirts, one inside the other ; the scene was depicted preferred outwardly over in the book because of the effect that the music had over the scene, which was non accomplished in the short account. Be that as it may, it the words utilized in the short story were amazing in their straightforwardness. ‘The shirt appeared to be substantial until he saw there was another inside it†¦ the support like two coverings, one inside the other, two of every one. ‘ [ 8 ] On a real degree this scene added formed to the story, as the account finished where it began, both with dreams, both with shirts. Both the film and the short account communicated cardinal components of the Gothic. Two of the most remarkable components were power and riddle. Proulx ‘s short account had an obscure stoping in which the peruser was uncertain of how Jack passed on and who slaughtered him. His family and Ennis were left inquisitive in the event that it was a mishap or on the off chance that it was on goal as a result of individual occurring out about his mystery relationship with Ennis. The stoping was left for the observer to decide and to use their creativity with regards to who slaughtered Jack and how he was murdered, rather like a killing puzzle. â€Å" Not just did I need to be faithful to [ Proulx ‘s ] initiation, yet I expected to make additional scenes to support her origin, since we do n't hold the inward word pictures which she did most brilliantly. â€Å" ‘ [ 9 ] This was genuine efficiently all through the film. There were numerous regions in the film that did non look in the account, for example, the announcement among Jack and his dad in-law on Thanksgiving, and the scenes where Jack went to Mexico to investigate his sex and the more prominent profundity and entrance into their family unit lives and the individuals nearest to them. Scenes even showed up in an alternate request. Anyway things that were losing from the film were rounded with drawn-out scenes that were other than non in the short account. These drawn-out scenes gave the observer a more noteworthy entrance into the lives of Jack and Ennis each piece great as those that they interfaced with. Futhermore in the film Ang Lee utilized flashbacks each piece great as cartridge holders which gave the onlooker a more noteworthy infiltration into the obscure, and to things that were underneath the outside of the characters starting thoughts. The onlooker at any point had the Fuller picture drawn out for them, which was sorted out by the existent plot line. This was available in the way that Ang Lee utilized a flashback to demo how Ennis ‘ male parent gave him what befell a grown-up male who lived with another male by the by this was non introduced in the

Growth and Development Assessment Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Development and Development Assessment Project - Essay Example e might be on the meager side, yet as indicated by her mom, an ongoing encounter with the Pediatrician guaranteed her that Chloe is inside the ordinary weight territory for her age, having put on the proper load of five to seven pounds yearly (Middle Childhood n.d.). This is in like manner affirmed by her mom who took Chloe to the pediatrician as of late. Her developments are more organized and smoother than contrasted with youth, an extremely unmistakable physical characteristic at her age (Middle Childhood n.d.). At age eight, Chloe can finish fundamental mental tasks of issues that require the nearness of substantial items and circumstances. She can moreover compose objects with differing sizes in any semblance of â€Å"small, medium and big†. As a multi year old, Chloe has a place with the center youth phase of human improvement where as per Piaget’s Model of Cognitive Development can break down the idea of reversibility and sequential requesting (Passer et al 2001). In addition, having the option to fathom how to take care of issues inasmuch as solid articles and circumstances are available; and being fit for masterminding things with various measurements, Chloe’s psychological advancement adjusts and holds fast to Piaget’s hypothesis of the center childhood’s scholarly improvement where the youngster from seven to twelve years old can think sensibly and perform appropriate sequential requesting (Passer et al 2001). Chloe is what's more is an excited young lady who has a skill for an intemperate sort of creative mind. However, there are times that she gets baffled of the results of her capacities particularly in school. And keeping in mind that she does her most extreme best to examine her subjects and to take part in other school exercises, her evaluations doesn't concoct what she anticipates that them should be. These occurrences make her very disappointed on occasion. The prior elements relates to Erikson’s Eight Stages of Human Development, where he expresses that the center childhood’s passionate advancement is fittingly depicted

Discover How the AABB Essay Topics Can Help You Out

Discover How the AABB Essay Topics Can Help You OutThe AABB Essay Topic Coordinator is responsible for tracking down and assigning high-quality essay topics for our students. Whether you are a student in high school or college, the Administrator will be your one-stop resource for high-quality, custom essay topics for high school and college writing competitions. No matter what your experience level is, you can be assured that a topic manager will be able to help you. Whether you are a first-time essay writer or a seasoned professional, there are many different types of writing assignments and you will be able to find topics to write about easily.These first-rate Essay Topic Coaches will often be able to help you in multiple ways. These professionals will be able to help you by giving you guidance and advice and helping you with your essay writing assignments. As a result, you will be able to choose topics based on what is truly important to you and what fits your particular needs.It is common for high school students to want to write about topics that are in line with their career, studies, or interests. These people are quite willing to share their experiences with others and write about topics that they can relate to best. Whether you are trying to earn an academic scholarship or trying to get into a certain college, these are exactly the type of essays that will get you to the top of the list.When it comes to higher education, most high school students do not have much money and the hardest thing to give them the money they need is essay topics. If you feel that you are one of these students, then the AABB can help you. This organization has resources for financial aid, grants, scholarships, and scholarships for disadvantaged students.Essays are the next step after high school in getting an education. This is why the AABB has compiled a number of essay topics for students to choose from. There are great resources available for essay topics that are sure to h elp your student succeed.College students are so busy that they do not have time to sit down and write their own essays. However, if you need help with your essay writing, then the AABB can help you. The topics are well researched and offered for students to take advantage of.A good project that can benefit a student is one on a country. Since so many students cannot afford to go on long overseas trips, this is an excellent option. This is one of the easiest AABB essay topics that are available.Having an AABB Essay Experts on your side can be very helpful in finding the best topics and the best writers. These individuals are going to be able to find high-quality work at a fair price. You should not have a problem finding someone to help you with your essay topics.

Inside A Or Inside Looking Out Essay - 1721 Words

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The Tensions Caused By The Civil War - 908 Words

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Tanglewood Case #1 - 1668 Words

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The methods used by Tanglewood vary from many regions in which they serve, and by gauging these methods we are able to optimize and perhaps unify company operations. By reviewing the recruiting methods used by Tanglewood, we will be able to devise a guide that can be functional along with Tanglewood developing recruiting services which reflect Tanglewood’s unique personality

Impact of Climatic Change and Global Warming

Question: Describe about the several negative impact of climatic change and global warming in all segments and levels of the environment of the world? Answer: Introduction In the last decade, many environmental analysts have assumed that the sustainability of world environment is at stake due to issues of global warming and climatic change among all the countries around the world. There are lot of negative impacts of global warming and climatic change on the world environment as well human beings. This assignment will highlight the impact of climatic change and global warming in the present scenario. There are several steps to be taken by UN in order to nullify the impact climatic change and global warming on the world environment as well as human beings and wild life animals (Hoffmann and Sgr, 2011). Impact of climatic change and global warming There are more than a few amounts of negative impacts of climatic change and global warming on the world environment. These are related to world life animals, higher temperatures, higher water levels, and illness of human beings, devastating storms and several economic losses of human beings. In addition to this, the rate of carbon pollution also increases in the world environment. This can also hamper the balance of the status of the world and can also increase the uncertainty of sustainability of the world. The eco system of the world also gets distorted due to the frequent climatic changes throughout the world. In addition to this, the temperature of the world also changes due to the status of global warming. The factor of global warming also imposes a strong threat on wild life animals. This is mainly because it leads to the issues of deforestation. The balance between the atmosphere and lives of human beings also changes due to the impact climatic changes. It is also projected t hat global warming can also lead the world to destruction. Due to this reason, it is of great essence to judge the overall impact of climatic change and global warming so that several steps can be taken in accordance to that. There are many indicators that can analyze the total effect of global warming throughout the whole world. These are increase of sea levels, decrease of sea ice, increase of humidity, increase of heat content and also overall increase of temperature (Hamilton, 2011). There are several consequences of such kind of impact of global warming and climatic change over the economic status of the world. The sustainability of human life will be at stake if the water level of seas and oceans increases due to the impact of the extreme change of temperature. Apart from this, due of change of temperature, the status of human body temperature also changes and all the human beings tend to fall ill due to the change of temperature of the world environment. In addition to this, the total amount of green house gas also increases due to the increasing nature of global warming era. The vulnerability of several regions located near oceans or mountains increases due to the increasing nature of climatic change. The snow of the mountains begins to melt with the rising amount of sea levels. These further have a great deal of impact of the living beings and several disasters like cyclones, floods take place on several regions. In addition to this, geographical and environ mental structure of several regions also changes due to the given factor of global warming. The factor of global warming also have a great impact on the agricultural dependent countries. It will have a negative impact on the status of agricultural growth of the different countries. This is mainly because, if climate of a particular country changes, then it will automatically hamper the agricultural structure of that country. There are multiple amounts of physical changes that take place due to climatic change (McCright and Dunlap, 2011) These are in the form of increase of humidity, disturbances in carbon cycle, greenhouse effect, deforestation, agriculture, economic status of industry, spread of diseases, increase of causalities, hampering the traditional life cycle and abruptness of bio diversity losses. Carbon pollution is the major driver of the issues of global warming and climatic change. Global warming and climatic changes increases the total amount of frequency levels of tropical cyclone, floods and draughts. On the other hand, the overall concentration and frequency of heat waves also increases due to global warming. In addition to this, this also have a direct impact over the intensity of rainfalls and bio diversity (Nrdc.org, 2015). Due to certain changes in temperature, risk of human diseases also increases. This has a direct impact on the economic losses of human beings. Therefore, global warming can have a great impact over the economic and as well as social environment of the world as a whole. Due to this reason, there is a requirement of a sustainable environmentally friendly system that will help to minimize impact of issues of climatic changes and global warming (News.mobilecashmate.co.uk, 2015) Steps to be taken to minimize the impact of climatic change and global warming Various steps can be taken in order to minimize and nullify the overall impact of climatic change and global warming effects. These can be in the form of investing funds in green life environment and also clean energy. In addition to this, several limits are required to be set to minimize the pollution of climatic change and global pollution. This can be further evaluated through creation of greenery land and buildings all throughout the world. This will help to minimize the effect of climatic change and global warming. In addition to this, it is also necessary to built up better form of communities and transport network to reduce environmental degradation. This sustainable economic friendly system will also help to reduce total amount of wastage in the world environment throughout the country. Such kind of economic friendly systems will also and bind individuals to reuse and recycle wastage materials used by the people throughout the whole world. The process of recycling will also h elp the environment in the reduction of landfills and this will further help to minimize the effect of increase of rise of water of sea-levels. Apart from this, the newly recommended economic friendly system will also people to buy solar energy products and save a lot of energy. This will further help to nullify the effect of carbon footprint and also have a greater impact on the economic livelihood of people. It is also recommended to avoid use of hot water which will further add in energy saving consumption (Serreze et al. 2009) The important element that can be used to nullify the effect of global warming is to plant trees throughout the country. This will reduce the level of carbon dioxide in the world environment largely. Saving water will also help the environment to minimize the effect of water crisis and the sustainability of world environment can be enhanced at an increasing rate. A blue print can be prepared to save energy in the economy. In addition to this, it is assumed that carbon pollution is the major driver for climatic change. Therefore, setting up of several nuclear plant will further help the world environment to reduce the effect of carbon emission in the atmosphere. A routine process of recycle of products and environmental degradation needs to be implemented in all parts of society. An awareness campaign may be required to be conducted in all parts of society by the environmental organization UN. Such kind of awareness campaign will create the awareness to minimize the effect of global w arming issues. This will further assist human beings to change their transportation habits and reducing emission of carbon dioxide gas by emission of effect of carbon dioxide gas. In addition to this, deforestation effects can also be minimized by stop cutting the total amount of trees all throughout the world. All the people throughout the world needs to encouraged in the process of recycling of products and services. This will further assist to minimize the impact of global warming. A contingency and risk management plan is required to be evaluated to nullify the effect of natural disasters like cyclones, floods, etc. The risk management plan will also help the world to suffer from any economical losses. In addition to this, control of air pollution will also contribute to the effect of global warming solutions and their issues. The more vulnerable countries needs to be taken more care as human lives are more at risk in such countries. The possible threat to the environment can al so be avoided by implementation of solar energy resources. Elimination of fossil fuel can also be taken into consideration for promotion of an environmental friendly world economy (Bulkeley and Newell, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that there are several negative impact of climatic change and global warming in all segments and levels of the environment of the world. In addition to this, these can also have a major impact on the sustainability of the world environment. Based on this, several steps have been recommended which help to minimize the impact of climatic change and global warming. All the given steps will assist to develop a economic friendly system throughout the whole world. References Martens, P. (2014).Health and climate change: modelling the impacts of global warming and ozone depletion. Routledge. McCright, A. M., and Dunlap, R. E. (2011). The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public's views of global warming, 20012010.The Sociological Quarterly,52(2), 155-194. Hoffmann, A. A., and Sgr, C. M. (2011). Climate change and evolutionary adaptation.Nature,470(7335), 479-485. Hamilton, L. C. (2011). Education, politics and opinions about climate change evidence for interaction effects.Climatic Change,104(2), 231-242. Betts, R. A., Collins, M., Hemming, D. L., Jones, C. D., Lowe, J. A., and Sanderson, M. G. (2011). When could global warming reach 4 C?.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences,369(1934), 67-84. MC12), 1. and Discussion, S. (2015). The Royal Society of Chemistry. [online] Rsc.org. Available at: https://www.rsc.org/ [Accessed 4 Jul. 2015]. News.mobilecashmate.co.uk, (2015). 10 Ways to Reduce Global Warming. [online] Available at: https://news.mobilecashmate.co.uk/?p=708 [Accessed 4 Jul. 2015]. Nrdc.org, (2015). Global Warming Solutions | NRDC. [online] Available at: https://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/solutions/ [Accessed 4 Jul. 2015]. Serreze, M., Barrett, A., Stroeve, J., Kindig, D. and Holland, M. (2009). The emergence of surface-based Arctic amplification. The Cryosphere, 3(1), pp.11-19. Arajo, M. B., Alagador, D., Cabeza, M., Nogus Bravo, D., and Thuiller, W. (2011). Climate change threatens European conservation areas.Ecology letters,14(5), 484-492. Bulkeley, H., and Newell, P. (2015).Governing climate change. Routledge.Governing climate change. Routledge. Atkinson, A. B., and Stiglitz, J. E. (2015).Lectures on public economics. Princeton University Press.

Hrm Learning Log free essay sample

The first lecture that we had was basically explaining the module and gave a brief outline of what we are going to be studying throughout the year. We then went on to discuss this in the seminar. Obviously there was not much work done for this week as we were just taking everything in and coming to grips with what the module entailed. Lecture number two started off with a series of quotes with people defining organisational behaviour. I consider the ‘organisational behaviour is one of the most complex and perhaps least understood academic elements of modern general management but since it concerns the behaviour of people within organisations it is also one of the most central’ as one of the most accurate and appropriate ways to describe organisational behaviour. The other two quotes were by no means inaccurate, but they were a bit brief and wouldn’t really explain much if you were trying to tell somebody what organisational behaviour was. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm Learning Log or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This then brought us to the organisational iceberg, this is an interesting and key point. I have found a diagram from the internet to illustrate the iceberg I found this model very fascinating and the quote about what sinks a ship is very clever, because so much that goes on in an organisation is not seen. It is simply that an informal organisation is a ‘looser’ structured flexible organisation with informal relationships and a formal organisation would be an opposite one with a planned structure with a hierarchy. Hugh put some definitions of organisational behaviour up and I read them and found that they were both fairly strong definitions although one was a lot more detailed than the other. The next lecture was very much defining what an organisation is, different types of organisations and how we define them. This was a fairly big lecture and there was quite a lot to take in I thought. What is an organisation? I agree with the definition of JD Mooney that organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose, as well as Huczynski Buchanans ‘entity’ view because they are short yet strong and easy to understand and I feel that I would definitely be more likely to remember these definitions than Robbins’ definition for example, which sounds a bit more intricate. The next lecture brought us to something similar, giving us the chance to reflect on the organisational iceberg, and still defining organisational structure. I researched into tall and flat organisational structures this week and found this diagram on the internet which helps demonstrate how different organisations have different structures, and there is no better or worse structure, because each organisation requires a different structure. I found centralisation and decentralisation quite challenging, so I looked up the meanings to begin with on the internet. I found that centralisation is described as the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning decision-making, become concentrated within a particular location or group. Alternatively, decentralisation was defined as the process of dispersing decision-making governance closer to the people and citizen. It includes the dispersal of administration or governance in sectors or areas like engineering, management science, political science, political economy, sociology and economics. These definitions helped me understand the table in the lecture slides easier. The matrix structure was also covered in this lecture. This seemed a more complex structure where a lot of individuals are mixed together and each person may have to work under several managers at a time. For this week’s lecture we were given a SEMCO case study and some organisational charts to look at. We spoke about trying to define work and then got into small groups and came up with our own definition of work. It was very interesting how everyone’s opinions and definitions of work were so different. Although nearly everyone agreed that we work for money and for example in our group, we said that if you are not paid, for instance voluntary work, it is simply a hobby. We then went on to organisation theory and classical management. This focuses on then total design of the total organisation. This is different to scientific management because that focuses on the design and management of individual jobs. This was quite a difficult lecture to fully comprehend with again a lot of information to take in. Through research I found that Henri Fayol was the main classical theorist and he proposed the functions such as technical; commercial; financial; accounting; security and managerial. He believed the latter to be slightly different to all the rest. In our lecture it said that management is a process of planning, organisation, command, coordination and control. I found that Fayol was very influential to the modern concepts of management and proposed his own theory, called fayolism. I also discovered that there is a set of 14 principles of management that he devised and I found this quite thought-provoking. The lecture also told us about Taylorism, which is a scientific management theory. We then went on to Hawthorne studies, which I had previously learnt about in sociology at A level so I was fairly familiar with. Then it went on explaining that there is more to the work than just the pay, there needs to be a strong sense of belonging. I agree with this because I feel in today’s society too many people are driven by money and instead of opting for being happy in life, they would rather have more money. I feel that the media makes people feel that they should put money before a sense of belonging and I don’t think that is right. In this week’s seminar we went back to organisational structures and charts. Our group discussed that the needs of all organisations are very different so there will always be different structures suiting different organisations. Bureaucratic structures were brought up and we spoke about how they were suitable for larger organisations rather than smaller ones, also how they tend to stick to a tall rather than flat structure. I found other structures such as a divisional structure, where they group organisational functions into different divisions. I then looked back over earlier lectures about defining work, and the extrinsic purposes which are essential yet do not reap the same intrinsic rewards where workers should have a considerably high level of job satisfaction. The occupational structure- this is shaped by several factors like bureaucracy, technology and the economy. Watson’s patterns are key points for the subject of occupations and the structure of work because he points out the key elements. Mobility is seen as a key part of occupational structure and there are factors which positively and negatively affect mobility. The next lectures brought us to organisational culture; there was a good quote to start the lecture saying that â€Å"The ideologies, beliefs and deep-set values which occur in all firms. and which are the prescriptions for the ways in which people should work in those organisations. † This got me thinking about organisation culture and what it was about. Organisational culture frequently refers to the collective patterns of behaviour, beliefs and values within an organisation. I also found a different definition of organisation culture saying that ‘organisation culture is a set of values, often taken for granted, that help people in an organisation understand which actions are considered acceptable and which actions are considered unacceptable. ’ Often these values are shaped in the course of stories. I feel that culture is significantly hard to define and measure. We covered socialisation in this lecture and it is quoted as ‘getting ones hands dirty’. I found that Socialization is the main way humans start to obtain the skills needed to carry out their task of being a member of society. The largely basic look of culture is set up at the individual level. Through both learning and teaching is the how cultural and social characteristics achieve permanence. I believe that the best quote of this lecture was that ‘to change an organisation in any significant or lasting way you need to change the values and beliefs that lie at the core. ’ This brings us to the iceberg and the onion. The onion illustrates that the core is shielded by many layers, and you have to change everything right down to the bottom to make a significant change for the organisation. Through my research I found some different information as to what was in our lectures on the several different types of culture, such as person cultures and task cultures. Person cultures are basically an organisational structure in a business which is constantly changing and has no permanent foundation, no real formal role and no sole objective. Where all the people involved believe themselves to be superior to the organisation, because of this some of these organisations struggle to cope, but can do because of the certain expertise each different individual possesses. On the other hand, task cultures are often found in a matrix type organisation, where employees tend to have similar roles and responsibilities, they solve problems as and it is often described as a business based around the high skills of an employee. More organisational cultures are power cultures, and role cultures. Power cultures I think are the most interesting because they are more or less based around one ultimate source, which everything revolves around and depends on. These are often found in small organisations and have little bureaucracy and a small number of rules. Role cultures is similar to that of a tall structure that I have spoken about earlier where there is a basic hierarchy of roles and power. In the seminar this week we spoke about different retailers and what kind of organisation structures they had. I found this seminar very enjoyable because we found out from each other in depth about what sort of organisations each company were and decided what frame they would be in and whether we would prefer to be in one or another. The next lecture was mostly on change, I found this fairly weird because there were not many things I could relate to or understand so I just had to try and take as much in as possible. Although it brought us to again this man Charles Handy. He said that â€Å"Less than half the workforce in the industrial world will be holding conventional full-time jobs in organisations by the beginning of the 21st century. Those full-timers, or insiders, will be the new minority. † This has obviously been proved correct to some extent, so Handy was right. Because of technology fewer and fewer people are needed from day to day in the industrial sector, because machines are replacing them. Today we again talked about the paradigm and how organisations all have different values and missions and how they go about them. I think the most powerful part of this lecture is the part where it says the only permanent thing is change. This is such a good quote because no matter change will never ever end, it can’t. Yet everything else can. This is another one of those quotes that gets you thinking. I liked the 7-S framework part because it helps me remember all the very important reasons of change. This week’s lecture was on organisational change. This was different to previous lectures because I didn’t feel there was much we could talk about. I researched more into organisational cultures again and found information on strong cultures and weak cultures. A strong culture is one where staff responds to stimulus because of their position to organisational values. In a strong culture, it is believed that the people do what they are told to do, because they think that is the right way to do things. In a weak culture things are fairly different. They do it their own way and things would be pretty much the opposite. Research suggests that organisations with a strong culture will achieve the companies’ goals a lot easier than a weak culture; they will also have higher levels of employee satisfaction, motivation and loyalty. We came on to leadership today, and spoke about management. It started with a man I was familiar with Max Weber again because of A level sociology so I was intrigued to how he linked in with this element. We then came on to Fayol’s 14 principles of management. I decided to research into these 14 principles out of curiosity and it is proved that Fayols principles still have a big relevance to contemporary management, so do his 6 functions that I mentioned earlier, however most people these days like to only talk about 4 of the 6 functions that Fayol originally proposed and they have been slightly tweaked into; planning; leading; organising and controlling. Taylorism popped up this week and we discussed the difference between the bosses and the workers, as Taylor says the bosses think as the workers do. Then onto other theorists such as Drucker, he proposed the five basic operations of a manager. I very much agree with these five operations because at my workplace it seems that the managers are trying to set objectives, organise, measure, motivate and develop people. I think that managers are different to leaders. Yes some managers are leaders, but they are two completely different things in my eyes. As it says in the lecture slides managers plan, organise, direct etc, leaders envision, inspire, influence, leaders effect people more emotionally than managers do. We also spoke about how hard it is to describe leadership, who would we call a leader? How do we become a leader? These are all questions that I do not know the answer to. Yukl says that â€Å"Most definitions of leadership reflect the assumption that it involves a process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person over people†¦.. to guide, structure and facilitate activities and relationships in a group or organisation’ I don’t think that this is as good of a description as â€Å"Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction) to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose. By Jacob and Jacques because they seem to hit the nail on the head because I believe leadership is all about giving a meaningful purpose to effort and be willing to do anything to achieve your goal. I still very much agree with Yukls view on leadership because what he says is true but I don’t feel it would give me anythin g that I can learn or think about whereas Jacob and Jacques’ I can. There were a lot of quotes in today’s lecture, some I felt more powerful than others. They have taught me a lot about leadership, one being that it there is not a definition. I even googled it and there wasn’t one. Another being leadership is what you make of it, from what I think will be different to what the next guy thinks, so I can understand why it raises so many controversies and discussions. I can understand why it proved virtually impossible to identify the particular traits that separate leaders from non-leaders. I believe that leadership is based on many things, personality being the main one. Many people would think you have to be at the top of the hierarchy to be branded a leader, for instance they would think of a manager of a leader. But a leader can be anyone, some people just possess a trait that makes them a natural born leader, for example a footballer that steps on the pitch and instantly tells everyone what to do, they all listen to him without question. Even though he may not be captain, he is the leader. In today’s lecture we looked at technology, a new topic. Technology has played a massive part in how businesses operate as of recent years, I didn’t find this as interesting as the previous few weeks but there were still things I wanted to look up on. We also touched on leadership again this week. This week brings us onto personality. This lecture was one of the tougher ones because there was a lot of material I have never heard of before. I agree with everything Robertson and Smith have put forward because for instance if there was no variety in the tasks, or if there was no feedback given or no significance of the tasks, then the employees job satisfaction would surely be lower, and I think it would be a hard job to try and make someone completely satisfied with their job in every aspect because nearly everybody isnt happy with atleast one aspect of their job. Our lecture this week was on motivation, learning about motivation was quite enjoyable. I find the american and chinese needs hierarcies quite interesting and how they differ. The american hierarchy has self-actualisation in individual development at the top whereas the chinese hierarchy has self-actualisation in service to society. This goes back to the collectivist and individualist cultures. I have found a slightly more detailed diagram of a hierarchy here: Another big difference is that the sense of belonging is in the middle of the american hierarchy and it is right at the bottom of the chinese one, maybe because the chinese people see society as a whole more important. I also find Hertzbergs two factor theory quite interesting because of what he thinks motivates and de-motivates intrinsically and extrinsically. Today we looked at perception. I was quite amazed at how the mind perceives things and it sees what it wants to see instead of what it actually might be. The quote â€Å"You see, that’s the problem with you Jerry. You think we’re arguing, I think we’re finally communicating! † defines what perception is really about. You think you are doing one thing, yet you are doing another. Throughout this year my favourite topic has definitely been leadership. I feel genuinely interested in this subject because it is so intriguing and there are so many talking points about it. I think one of the most meaningful and intelligent quotes I have ever heard has come from the leadership topic, managers do things right, leaders do the right thing. It has made believe that being a leader is such a good thing. Most people probably think managers are leaders, but they are really nothing alike what so ever, when you look into it in detail you realise. I particularly like how Bennis describes both Managers and leaders, saying that Managers ask how and when, leaders and what and why. Managers rely on people, leaders inspire trust. Managers focus on systems and structure, leaders focus on people, and so on. It is strange how they seem so true yet every one is the completely different. This proves surely that there is a real big difference between a leader and a manager. I was quite amazed at the perception topic though because it enlightened me slightly on how our minds actually work. Like the non-standard shaped polygon, I would never think it is one of those, yet that is what it is. Also the x’s and o’s in alternating rows is clever. One of the least exciting topics I would say is organisational change. It was challenging yet quite boring and I didn’t really enjoy the content in the lectures or the seminars around this time. One of the more tricky subjects I found was motivation. Although it was more interesting than most of the others, it was one of the hardest to understand and I found it hard to relate to this lecture because it didn’t seem like there was much relevance to business in it. It is definitely an area I will need to revise more for my exam. I have also found writing this learning log challenging as I have never done anything like this before. But it is different I guess.

Winter Holiday Activities for Grades 5-12

Winter Holiday Activities for Grades 5-12 How can teachers, especially in public schools, use the December holidays to their advantage? One way is to celebrate customs and holidays from around the world with students using a variety of activities.   Here are some ideas for meaningful and educational activities for students ahead of their winter break, making use of holiday themes celebrated near the end of the year. Christmas According to Christian belief, Jesus was the son of God born to a virgin in a manger. Countries around the world celebrate this holiday in various ways. Each of these customs as described below are ripe for investigation by students. Christmas Around the World Costa Rica: The weather is warm at Christmastime. Trees are popular. Tamales and Empanadas are traditionally eaten.England: Santa Claus is known here by the name Father Christmas. Christmas trees are decorated and stockings are hung. A drink called  Wassail  is served. Boxing Day is celebrated on December 26th which is also the feast day of St. Stephen. On this day, it is traditional to give alms to the poor and less fortunate.France: A popular dessert called the buche de noel or Christmas Log is consumed on Christmas. Often, a feast occurs after Midnight Mass on Christmas eve called the rveillon. Gifts are given by pere noel which means Father Christmas. He travels with a man called Pre Fouettard who tells pere noel how the children behaved during the previous year. In some parts of France, gifts are given on both December 6th (St. Nicholas feast day) and on Christmas. Adults give gifts on New Years.Italy: Christmas is celebrated with a large feast after a 24-hour fast before Ch ristmas. Children usually do not receive their presents until January 6th, the day of the Epiphany. These gifts are brought by Le Befana, a woman who flies around on a broom. Kenya: Lots of food is prepared, especially goat. They serve a flatbread called chapatis. Groups often go singing house to house and receive gifts of some kind from the occupants. On Christmas, these singers give any gifts to their church.United States: Christmas trees, real or artificial, are put up in homes early in December. They are usually decorated with multi-color lights and various ornaments. Stockings are hung, often on the fireplace mantel. On Christmas eve, children set out cookies or other goodies for Santa Claus. On Christmas morning, children rush to the tree to see the gifts there and in their stockings. Ideas for Christmas-Themed Projects Investigate the legend of Santa Claus.Investigate different aspects of the Christmas celebration including the tree, the decorations, the stockings, the carols and more.Perform Christmas songs in either English or other languages.Investigate traditional foods for each culture and create them for the rest of the class to sample.Present skits representing each cultures customs.In many countries, Christmas celebrations are becoming more like those  in America. Debate whether the loss of the countries traditional celebrations is good or bad.Read O.  Henrys The Gift of the Magi and discuss its meaning.Students could write in their journals about numerous topics including:Worst Christmas experienceBest Christmas experienceFamily traditionsWhat Santa Claus means to themIs Christmas too commercial? Winter Solstice The Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year when the sun is closest to the earth, occurs on the 21st of December. In ancient times, this was celebrated in various ways by Pagan religions. Groups ranging from Germanic tribes to the Roman populace celebrated mid-winter festivals during our month of December. Of course today, three major holidays are celebrated in America during the month of December: Chanukah, Christmas, and Kwanzaa. We can create our own festival allowing us to experience how other cultures celebrate these holidays. Method of Presentation Many methods exist for creating this festival atmosphere. These range from simple classroom stations presented by groups of students about each culture to schoolwide activities that take place in a large auditorium/cafeteria and allow for more than just static presentations. Students can sing, cook, give presentations, perform skits, and more. This is a great opportunity to have students work  cooperatively  in groups to gather information about holidays and customs. Chanukah This holiday, also known as the Festival of Lights, is celebrated over eight days beginning on the 25th day of the Jewish month of Kislev.  In 165 BCE, the Jews led by the Maccabees defeated the Greeks in war. When they arrived to rededicate the Temple in Jerusalem they found only one small flask of oil to light the  Menorah. Miraculously, this oil lasted for eight days. today, Chanukah is traditionally observed in the following ways: Every night for the eight days of the festival of Chanukah, lights are lit on a  Menorah  to commemorate the miracle at the Temple over 2000 years ago.While work is not prohibited, people generally refrain from work while the Chanukah lights are lit.The  dreidel  is used by families to play a game. The history behind this game played during Chanukah is believed to relate back to a ban on work while the Chanukah candles are lit.Those celebrating the holiday eat traditionally  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹oily foods to commemorate the miracle of the oil.Children are given presents and money during the holiday. Many families give out presents each day of the holiday. This relates to rewarding children for Torah study.Many different traditions exist around the world for this celebration. Ideas for Chanukah Presentations In addition to adapting the ideas listed above for Christmas celebrations, here are some ideas for Chanukah-themed projects. Students can: Research the background to ChanukahPlay  dreidel  gamesPerform Chanukah songs Kwanzaa Kwanzaa, meaning the first fruits, was developed in 1966 by Dr. Maulana Karenga. It gives African-Americans a holiday dedicated to preserving, revitalizing, and promoting African-American culture. It focuses on seven principles with emphasis on the unity of the black family: Unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. This holiday is celebrated from December 26th through January 1st. On each of the seven days of Kwanzaa, greetings are exchanged in Swahili. The question, Habari gani? is asked and each day the principle for that day is the answer. For example, the first days answer would be Umoja or unity.Gifts are given to children and include a book and a  heritage symbol.  The colors of Kwanzaa are red, black, and green.Seven candles in a Kinara are lit, one for each day of the holiday. One is black and represents the people. This candle is lit first. Three red candles are placed to the left of the black candle representing the struggle for African Americans. Three green candles are placed to the right of the black candle representing the future and hope. These candles are lit from left to right, one for each day. Ideas for Kwanzaa  Presentations Have students discuss each of the seven principles and why they are important.Students can discuss the necessity of holidays in making up group identities.Speakers can come in to discuss Kwanzaa and how it is celebrated.Students can create a  traditional Kwanzaa celebration in the classroom.The Civil Rights movement can be discussed in the context of the Kwanzaa celebration.

From Failure to Promise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

From Failure to Promise - Essay Example This book is also a story of faith i.e. the author believes and therefore highlights how God transformed him from being his â€Å"ordinary self† to his â€Å"ideal self† and in the process directed him from failure to promise. This book has had a huge impact on me. It has made me see beyond my failures. I see hope and feel motivated after going through Dr. C. Moorer’s journey. This story tells us never to give up, i.e. do not be quitters. Life is full of opportunities and by keeping faith and following God’s guidance, anyone can reach unfathomable heights. Dr. Moorer belonged to a Christian family where, from the very beginning he had been taught the significance of education and trust in God in a person’s life. He was born of very hard working parents who had implanted in him strong work ethics. His father had always encouraged him to never give up in any situation and always fight back if you fail the first time around. It must have been the resul t of this that even after failing a semester in GMI Engineering and Management Institute, Dr. Moorer did not give up and came back with more determination to achieve his dream, i.e. being an engineer. He had to face many difficulties in the way leading to his dream job but again he proved himself to be a fighter and not a mere quitter. The result of his endurance was such that he landed up with a great job in a very reputed telecom company. Dr. Moorer did not stop at that. He left his job and completed his doctorate in business administration to earn for himself the title of a doctor, a huge honor. Throughout his journey, he followed the voices of the learned who taught him the significance of understanding God and making him a part of his plans. He believed and followed the teachings and claims of the Holy Scriptures. Cleamon realized that God was not just a story that he had learned during his childhood at the church, but he was for real. He felt His presence at every important po int in his life and that motivated and guided him to unconceivable heights. This story has made me look for my inner voice, try to connect to His voice and silently trust and obey it, in order to discover my real potential. I have learned the skill of endurance and I never give up on my dreams now. I believe and have included God in my plans and I now work honestly and diligently towards my dream of becoming a civil rights attorney one day. Another realization that I had while going through this book was that in this life we all live for our own selves, keep running and fighting for our unfulfilled dreams but, life is much more than that. If God has made us capable, then it is our duty to show Him some gratitude and we can do it by being His ideal son and for that we need to do something in order to improve the lives of at least some people of the society. At the moment I am a student but I try to do my bit by helping out in non-profit organizations, donate money or some possessions to the less fortunate etc. But, once I reach my desired level of professional success, I have certain plans which will at least help a section of the society. I have planned to start my mission by funding the education of at least one orphan. I then want to convey this thought to all my fellow colleagues, friends, relatives etc. and urge them to fund the education of

Contemporary Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contemporary Employment Relationship - Essay Example 5). In the past, trade unions functioned by acting as a platform for collective bargaining whereby workers would congregate to find a solution to some of the challenges they faced at the workplace. Contrarily, trade unions do not appeal to most modern day workers because of commitments in various job descriptions (Farnham & Giles, 1995, p. 5). Little differences exist between trade unions and Human Resource Management practices. The diversification of human resource practices within organisations has rendered the activities of trade unions unimportant. For instance, employees in the modern day organisation find it easy to air their grievances through the human resource department instead of following external paths offered by trade unions. Based on the recent trends, workers are rejecting trade unions representation, but they want a voice in representation at the workplace. Additionally, workers view the activities of trade unions as going against work ethics; hence, they opt to stick with the internal processes (Sherk, 2012, para 2). Consequently, trade unions have been effectively substituted with HRM units as platforms for representing the worker’s interests. Therefore, it is evident that the increase in human resource management practices has led to the decline in activities of trade unions (Sherk, 2012, Para 2 ). The following report will highlight how workers and organisations, in general, co-exist without trade unions. Additionally, it will focus on how the human resource management practices are taking up the activities of trade unions are a means of addressing the issues employees face. The decline in the popularity of trade unions is a feature in many countries. In the last 30 years, the United Kingdom has mostly been affected by this trend. In the 1970s, nearly 60% of the workers were members of respective trade unions that set the terms of employment, such as wage limits, benefits and retirement packages.

Chinese Literature Essay Example for Free

Chinese Literature Essay 1. Shang Dynasty (about 1700-1050 BC) Development of Chinese Writing * Historical record and archaeological evidence are present in this era. * Hieroglyphic writing system later evolved into ideographic and partly-phonetic Chinese characters. 2. Zhou Dynasty (1045-255 BC) Basic Philosophical and Religious Literature * The great literary works of philosophy and religion that became the basis for Chinese religious and social belief stem from what is called the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476) and the Warring States Period (475-221). * Taoism, Confucian literature, and other prominent religious and philosophical schools all emerged during these two periods or the so called â€Å"One Hundred Schools of Thought. † * They say that most of the philosophical and religious works of that time were destroyed. If there were great fictional books created, they have been lost. 3. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) Literary Disaster and Legalism * A big philosophical and religious school then was called Mohism. * An early form of Buddhism was also established in China at that time. * The emperor wanted to reduce and destroy the â€Å"One Hundred Schools of Thought† * So the â€Å"Book Burning and Burial of Scholars† was a literary disaster. * The Qin Dynasty standardized the written Classical Language. * The Qin Emperor favored a philosophical school that was called Legalism (æ ³â€¢Ã¥ ® ¶). 4. Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Scientific and Historical Texts * Confucian texts were rewritten and republished. Confucianism was mixed with the Legalism philosophy of Li Si. * Sima Qian wrote Historical Records that is a major history concerning the overall history of China from before the Shang Dynasty until the Han Dynasty. * The Han Dynasty era was one of the two main hotspot eras for scientific and technical advance. * Two or three mathematical texts showing advanced mathematics for the times were written. 5. Tang Dynasty (618-907) Early Woodblock Printing and Poetry * This era’s main contribution to Chinese literature was in the poetry of Dufu, Li Bai and many other poets. 6. Song Dynasty (960-1279) Early Woodblock Printing, Travel Literature, Poetry, Scientific Texts and the Neo-Confucian Classics * Has made remarkable scientific and technical advances. * Invention of movable type which helped to spread knowledge since printed material could be published more quickly and cheaply. * Travel literature in which authors wrote about their trips and about various destinations became popular perhaps because the texts could be cheaply bought. * The Confucian Classics were codified and used as test material for the entrance examination into the elite bureaucracy, advanced scientific texts and atlases were published, and important poems were written. * The Five Classics and Four Books were written in the written Classical Language which include: * * Five Classics: * The Book of Changes, * The Classic of Poetry, * The Record of Rites * The Classic of History, and * The Spring and Autumn Annals * Four Books: * The Analects of Confucius * The Doctrine of the Mean * The Great Learning * Analects of Confucius * .Shen Kuo (1031–1095) is said to have discovered the concepts of true north and magnetic declination towards the North Pole * Su Song (1020–1101) wrote a treatise called the Bencao Tujing with information on medicine, botany and zoology. * Song poet named Lu is thought to have written almost 10,000 poems. Su Tungpo is regarded as a great poet of the Northern Song era. Here is a stanza he wrote: â€Å"The moon rounds the red mansion Stoops to silk-pad doors Shines upon the sleepless Bearing no grudge Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart?† 7. Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) Drama and Great Fictional Novels * An era whereof some historically renowned dramatic playwrights and novelists who wrote in vernacular language. * The Yuan â€Å"Zaju† style of opera was similar to their shadow plays. Perhaps the playwrights adopted the plots and the features. The music of the Zaju operas was called Yuan Qu (Yuan Music). * After the Yuan Dynasty, the operatic style developed into the Painted Faces style of Chinese opera that was popular until modern times. * Guan Hanqing is regarded as one of the best playwrights of the times. He wrote Midsummer Snow that was one of the most popular drama pieces. * The Romance of the Western Chamber was written by Wang Shifu. It is considered one of the best romantic dramas ever written in China. * Novels were another outstanding achievement of the Yuan era. 8. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Novels * The Journey to the West is based on the historical journey of a Buddhist to India during the Tang era to learn Buddhist teachings and bring back scriptures and information. 9. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) Novels and Pre-modern Literature * In the 19th century, foreign literature and the West became better known. In the middle of this era, the last of China’s four great classic novels was written called Dream of the Red Chamber (ç ´â€¦Ã¦ ¨â€œÃ¥ ¤ ¢); and near the end of the era, modernistic literature developed. * Educated Chinese had easier access to foreign literature, and they were more influenced by Western culture. Chinese Literatures 1. Chinese Classical Prose * Prose writing in ancient and pre-modern China differed from poetry in that it was less rigidly structured and wasnt like verses in a song or like one of the common styles of poetry. But compared to English prose, literary prose before the year 1900 was often much more formalized. * Classical prose can be divided into three types called * Piantiwen style or parallel prose style is more formalized style of prose writing * Guwen style is less formal and more ancient style * Vernacular style which is used in operatic dramas and in the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature. 2. Chinese Poetry * Poetry has been a favorite literary genre for thousands of years. Poetry isnt taken very seriously in the West, especially in the last two hundred years, but Chinese ancient poetry is still read and ancient Chinese poets are honored. * There are Five Major Kinds of Major Ancient Poetic Styles * Shi è © © poems are composed of couplets. They are poems of two more coupled lines. The two lines of a couplet usually rhyme and match rhythmically and complement each other tonally. Modern Mandarin only has five tones, but ancient languages usually had more, so the tonal rhythms are generally lost. * Ci è ©Å¾ poetry can be described as poems that have patterns of syllables and tonal patterns. In making a Ci poetry, a poet chooses words that fit a specific pattern. These patterns may have once been part of a song. But the music has been lost. There are various patterns that provided affective settings for various effects or moods. * Ge æ ­Å' means song. Ge poems are the words to a song that can be sung. There were folk songs as well as songs composed by the literate and educated composers. * Qu æ› ² is the style of music and song in the operas or Mongol Music. The songs from the operas and popular songs were a poetic style that was also popular in later eras. The poetic style is freer of form. * Fuè ³ ¦ is the fifth major style of poetry . These are descriptive poems that contain both prose and couplets. These were popular about 1,500 years to 2,000 years ago. Often poets included rare or unusual written characters from preceding eras in their poems. * The greatest ancient poets are thought to lived in the Tang, Song, and Han eras. The following were considered to be the exemplary poets: * Du Fu (712-770) liked to write in a structured form of poetry that was called Lu Shi Ã¥ ¾â€¹Ã¨ © © or regulated poetry. He is thought of as one of the greatest realist poets of China. His poems reflect the hard realities of war, people dying next to rich rulers, and primitive rural life. Here is a famous couplet: â€Å"Behind redden doors stink wine and meat; But upon the road die frozen men.† * Li Bai (701-762) liked to write in a free form poetry like that of more ancient times. This kind of poetry was called Gu Shi (Ã¥  ¤Ã¨ © ©). He wrote about places he visited and things he saw. He is described as a romantic poet. * Su Tungpo (1037-1101) is also called Su Shi. He is regarded as a great poet of the Northern Song era (960-1127). More than 2,000 of his poems survive. Here is a stanza he wrote: â€Å"The moon rounds the red mansion Stoops to silk-pad doors Shines upon the sleepless Bearing no grudge Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart?† 3. Chinese Scientific Texts * Chinese science texts give an idea of the state of knowledge in the dynastic eras. During several eras,Chinese scientists and inventors led the world in various fields. * Suan Shu Shu (Computation and Numbers Book). It shows how to solve arithmetic problems that officials or people doing business face. * Jiuzhang Suanshu (Nine Chapter Computation Book). The book features basic algebra such as finding cube roots and square roots. Negative numbers are also used. * Zhoubi Suan Jing (The Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven) about astronomical problems. It is said text has a mathematical proof for the Gougu Theorem (å‹ ¾Ã¨â€š ¡Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã§ â€ ; a2 + b2 = c2) that is known as the Pythagorean Theorem in the West. A method of determining the distance of the sun from the earth by using a right angled triangle is described. * The second period of rapid scientific and technological advancement was the Song era. Two men in particular stand out: Shen Kuo (1031–1095) and Su Song (1020–1101) both wrote scientific treatises about their research and about various fields. 4. Chinas Classic Novels * Four long fictional novels are usually thought to be the best novels in Chinese literature. And the following two novels set a standard for classical literary works. * The Romance of the Three Kingdoms The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a semi-historical work said to be written by Luo Guan Zhong. It is historical fiction about the lives and struggles of rulers and the wars at the end of the Han Dynasty and in the Three Kingdoms Period. The novel describes the machinations, court intrigues, and the shifting alliances of the three kingdoms that emerged from the Han Empire. * Water Margin Water Margin is about the lives and ideals of a group of characters who fought against the corrupt Song Dynasty that the Mongols conquered. It is said it was written in vernacular language by Shi Nai An. The setting of the novel is during the Northern Song Dynasty era before the northern part of the Song Empire was overrun by a northern tribe and before the Mongols conquered the whole area. Water Margin is reminiscent of the story of Robin Hood. Likewise, there may have been actual outlaws, and popular legends and stories later grew. But Water Margin is probably more fictional and less historically accurate than The Romance of the Three Kingdoms * The other two novels. * Journey to the West The long tale about a fantastic journey to the west of a group that went to India was written at a time that the Silk Road land routes were blocked by Mongol and Muslim countries. Perhaps one of the reasons the novel was popular was that people during the Ming era wanted to travel to the west, but they couldn’t. The latter Ming Dynasty was isolationist. In the novel, a great intelligent monkey and a small band of characters protects a defenseless monk during his journey. Buddha commissioned the monk to help India that had fallen into gross sin and immorality. The monkey and other characters have magical skills. Journey to the West is thought to have been published anonymously by Wu Chengen in the 16th century though scholars have doubt about the authorship. * The Dream of the Red Chamber The fourth major novel that made an impact on Chinese history and literature is The Dream of the Red Chamber. It was the last of the Four Classic Novels to be written. It is about the fortunes and lives of the people of two branches of a clan in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) era. The two families had adjacent compounds. It is appreciated because it gives a view into the lives of two ruling families of that time. One of the members of the clan was made a concubine of an emperor. But then the imperial court turned against the two families.

Roselily :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker’s â€Å"Roselily†, when first read considered why she decided to use third person. Especially when the story is in such a private line of thought, but then after my second time reading the story I decided that Roselily would not be a strong enough woman to speak about the social injustices that have happened to her. One key part of the story is her new life she will be facing after she is married in Chicago, while comparing it with her old life she is leaving in Mississippi. In Chicago she will no longer have a job, but instead be a homemaker where she will be responsible for the children and home. Also, in Chicago she will become a Muslim because it is what her new husband will want her to be, but back in Mississippi she was of the Christian faith. One of the more positive outcomes of her marriage is that she will go from extreme poverty, to not having to worry about money on a day to day basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, consider the text trying to express her frustration with life: â€Å"She wants to live for once. But doesn’t quite know what that means. Wonders if she has ever done it. If she ever will.† (1130) You can sense her need and wanting to be independent of everything and everyone, to be truly a woman on her own free of any shackles of burden that this life has thrown upon her. Also, there is an impression that her family does not really care that she is leaving from her sisters to her disinterested father. â€Å"Roselily†, the name is quite perplexing considering a rose stands for passion, love, life; while the lily has associations with death, and purity. Still at the same time the name aptly applies to her because the reader knows she is ultimately doomed to wilt away in a loveless marriage in Chicago. Even though she is convincing herself that she loves things about him it is all just a ploy to trick herself into believing that this marria ge could be the answer to all her problems. Now on to the men of Roselily’s past most of which are dead- beat dads that could not care about what happens to their children, or where they go.

Quick summary of men and women in the Elizabethan era Essay

Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them. Roles of men and women in Elizabethan era Women In the Elizabethan era, women were dominated by men. Women had to obey every rule and order a man gives. Disobedience was a crime against their religion. They are expected to do the house chores, marry and have children. There was no school for girls in Elizabethan era, therefore women doesn’t have respectable jobs and have no status. Marriage is a way for an Elizabethan woman to increase money and position in the family. Their job is to keep their family healthy and also to keep the house clean. Men Men were superior in the Elizabethan era. They were to make the decisions in the family and women must obey them. Men are expected to support and improve the positions of their family through influencing and assisting them.